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C’est l’évaluation de la toxicité du venin (quantité de toxine requise pour 50% d'animaux d'éssai), elle est calculée avec une souris de laboratoire. Elle s’évalue en mg/kg.Il est bien évident que tous les Scorpion sont à considéré comme dangereux mais ceux les plus à craindre sont Androctonus sp, Tityus sp, Leiurus sp…
En règle générale les souris pour ces tests sont la Mus musculus et Onychomys sp.
Pour info la souris Onychomys torridus est appelée aux Etats-Unis souris scorpions car elle est capable de tuer et manger un scorpion en lui saisissant le metasoma. Elle mesure en moyenne 14cm et pèse environ 20 à 40g.
LD50
Tableau de données
|
Espèce |
LD 50 (mg/kg) |
Volume de venin injecté (mg) |
Administration |
Sources |
|
Androctonus amoreuxi |
0.75 |
|
sc |
Simard and Watt, Scorp. Bio., 1984 |
|
|
0.75 |
|
sc |
Zlotkin, Toxicon, 1971, 1 |
|
|
0.75 |
|
nm |
G.G. Habermehl, Venomous animals and their toxins. Scorpiones (Scorpions), 1981 |
|
|
0.88 |
|
nm |
A. Ghazal et al., Toxicon, 1975, 253 |
|
Androctonus australis (hector) |
0.32 |
1.5 - 2 |
sc |
Simard and Watt, Scorp. Bio., 1984 |
|
|
0.35 |
|
sc |
Zlotkin, Toxicon, 1971, 1 |
|
|
6.00 |
|
sc |
G.G. Habermehl, Venomous animals and their toxins. Scorpiones (Scorpions), 1981 |
|
Androctonus bicolor |
1.21 |
|
iv |
Simard and Watt, Scorp. Bio., 1984 |
|
|
0.31 |
|
sc |
Hassan, Hand Book of Natural Toxins, 1984 |
|
|
0.31 |
|
sc |
Zlotkin, Toxicon, 1971, 1 |
|
Androctonus crassicauda |
0.32 |
0.3 |
iv |
Ismail et al., Toxicon, 1994, 1599 |
|
|
0.64 |
|
sc |
Ismail et al., Toxicon, 1994, 1599 |
|
|
0.40 |
|
sc |
Simard and Watt, Scorp. Bio., 1984 |
|
|
0.40 |
|
sc |
Zlotkin, Toxicon, 1971, 1 |
|
|
0.40 |
|
sc |
G.G. Habermehl, Venomous animals and their toxins. Scorpiones (Scorpions), 1981 |
|
Androctonus mauretanicus |
0.31 |
|
sc |
Simard and Watt, Scorp. Bio., 1984 |
|
|
0.32 |
|
sc |
Zlotkin, Toxicon, 1971, 1 |
|
|
0.32 |
|
sc |
G.G. Habermehl, Venomous animals and their toxins. Scorpiones (Scorpions), 1981 |
|
Brotheas amazonicus |
90.91 |
|
ip |
Nishikawa et al., Toxicon, 1994, 989 |
|
Buthacus arenicola |
3.25 |
|
iv |
Hassan, Hand Book of Natural Toxins, 1984 |
|
|
0.99 |
|
sc |
Zlotkin, Toxicon, 1971, 1 |
|
|
3.50 |
|
sc |
G.G. Habermehl, Venomous animals and their toxins. Scorpiones (Scorpions), 1981 |
|
Buthacus leptochelys |
5.62 |
|
iv |
Hassan, Hand Book of Natural Toxins, 1984 |
|
|
0.77 |
|
sc |
Zlotkin, Toxicon, 1971, 1 |
|
Buthiscus bicalcaratus |
0.6 |
|
sc |
|
|
Buthus occitanus |
0.9 |
|
sc |
Hassan, Hand Book of Natural Toxins, 1984 |
|
|
1.44 |
|
iv |
Zlotkin, Toxicon, 1971, 1 |
|
Buthus paris |
4.15 |
|
sc |
G.G. Habermehl, Venomous animals and their toxins. Scorpiones (Scorpions), 1981 |
|
|
4.15 |
|
sc |
Zlotkin, Toxicon, 1971, 1 |
|
Buthus mardochei |
1.50 |
|
sc |
Vargas et al., Eur. J. Biochem.,1987. 589 |
|
Buthus tunetatus |
0.90 |
|
sc |
Simard and Watt, Scorp. Bio., 1984 |
|
|
0.895 |
|
sc |
Zlotkin, Toxicon, 1971, 1 |
|
|
0.99 |
|
sc |
G.G. Habermehl, Venomous animals and their toxins. Scorpiones (Scorpions), 1981 |
|
Centruroides exilicauda |
1.12 |
|
sc |
Simard and Watt, Scorp. Bio., 1984 |
|
Centruroides exilicauda (sculpturatus morph) |
0.33 - 1.5 |
|
sc |
Patterson, Toxicon, 1964, 167, Johnson et al., Toxicon, 1966 |
|
Centruroides gracilis |
2.7 |
|
|
Cao et al., R. IV Simposio de Zoologia, La Habana,1997, 70 |
|
Centruroides limpidus tecomanas |
0.69 |
|
sc |
Simard and Watt, Scorp. Bio., 1984 |
|
|
0.69 |
|
sc |
Zlotkin, Toxicon, 1971, 1 |
|
Centruroides limpidus limpidus |
1.72 |
|
sc |
Padilla et al., Toxicon, 2003, 959 |
|
Centruroides noxius |
0.31 |
|
iv |
Hassan, Hand Book of Natural Toxins, 1984 |
|
Centruroides margaritatus |
59.9 |
|
sc |
Marinkelle et al., J. Med. Ent., 1965, 197 |
|
Centruroides vittatus |
7.7* |
|
ip |
Rowe A. H., 2004, Diss. North Carolina State Univ |
|
Compsobuthus acuticarinatus |
0.75 |
|
iv |
Hassan, Hand Book of Natural Toxins, 1984 |
|
Compsobuthus matheisseni |
4.94 |
0.005 |
iv |
Hassan, Hand Book of Natural Toxins, 1984 |
|
Hadogenes troglodytes |
1800 - 2667 |
|
|
ScorpionFiles?? |
|
Hadrurus arizonensis |
168 |
|
ip |
Johnson et al., Toxicon, 1966, 297 |
|
|
198 |
|
sc |
Zlotkin, Neurotoxic action of pesticides and venoms, 1978 |
|
Hemiscorpius lepturus |
5.81 |
0.06 |
iv |
Hassan, Hand Book of Natural Toxins, 1984 |
|
|
113 |
|
iv |
Latifi et al, Toxicon, 1979, 617 |
|
Heterometrus longimanus |
>300 |
0.1 |
|
Gwee, Toxicon, 1993, 1305 |
|
Hottentotta saulcyi |
1.01 |
1.7 |
iv |
Hassan, Hand Book of Natural Toxins, 1984 |
|
Hottentotta judaicus |
7.94 |
|
iv |
Hassan, Hand Book of Natural Toxins, 1984 |
|
Leiurus quinquestriatus |
0.25 |
0.62 |
sc |
Simard and Watt, Scorp. Bio., 1984 and Cheng, 2005 |
|
|
0.26 |
|
sc |
Zlotkin, Toxicon, 1971, 1 |
|
|
0.33 |
|
sc |
G.G. Habermehl, Venomous animals and their toxins. Scorpiones (Scorpions), 1981 |
|
Lychas laevifrons |
13.8 |
|
iv |
Basu et al., Indian J Exp Biol., 1989, 1028 |
|
Mesobuthus eupeus |
43.5 |
0.3 |
iv |
Latifi et al, Toxicon, 1979, 617 |
|
Mesobuthus gibbosus |
50 |
|
|
Aytac, Institute of Health Sciences, Izmir, 1992 |
|
Mesobuthus martensii |
0.75 |
|
|
Shao et al., P.E.P., 1999, 358 |
|
|
0.8 |
|
iv |
Peng. F. et al., Eur. J. Biochem., 2002 |
|
Mesobuthus tamulus |
2.25 |
|
sc |
Lala K. et al., Toxicon, 1994 |
|
Mesobuthus tamulus sindicus |
4.57 |
|
|
Amir et al., Pakistan J. of Zoology, 1994, 261 |
|
Nebo hierichonticus |
1000+ |
|
sc |
Nitzan, Toxicon, 1966, 17 |
|
Odontobuthus doriae |
5.6 |
0.6 |
iv |
Latifi et al, Toxicon, 1979, 617 |
|
|
0.19 |
|
iv |
Hassan, Hand Book of Natural Toxins, 1984 |
|
Opistophthalmus glabrifrons |
>430 |
|
|
Zlotkin, Toxicon, 1971, 1 |
|
Orthochirus innesi |
2 - 2.67 |
|
|
Shulov, Arch . lnst. Pasteur Algerie, 1959, 218 |
|
Pandinus exitialis |
40 |
|
sc |
Ismail et al., toxicon, 1974, 75 |
|
|
40 |
|
sc |
Tu A. T., Venoms: Chemistry and molecular biology, 1977 |
|
Parabuthus transvaalicus |
4.25 |
|
sc |
Simard and Watt, Scorp. Bio., 1984 |
|
|
4.25 |
|
sc |
Zlotkin, Toxicon, 1971, 1 |
|
|
4.25 |
|
sc |
G.G. Habermehl, Venomous animals and their toxins. Scorpiones (Scorpions), 1981 |
|
Parabuthus granulatus |
1.56 |
|
|
Muller et al., A. 6th C. Afr. Arachnids, 1999 |
|
Rhopalurus agamemnon |
36.36 |
|
ip |
Nishikawa et al., Toxicon, 1994, 989 |
|
Rhopalurus junceus |
8 |
|
|
Cao et al., R. IV Simposio de Zoologia, La Habana,1997, 70 |
|
Rhopalurus laticauda |
30 |
1.78-1.83 |
iv |
Ortiz, Escuela de Medicina, 1985
De Sousa L., J. Venom. Anim. Toxins, 2000 |
|
Scorpio maurus palmatus |
221 |
0.3 |
iv |
Latifi et al, Toxicon, 1979, 617 |
|
Scorpio maurus |
9.37-inactive |
|
iv |
Hassan, Hand Book of Natural Toxins, 1984 |
|
|
141.6-inactive |
|
sc |
G.G. Habermehl, Venomous animals and their toxins. Scorpiones (Scorpions), 1981 |
|
Tityus caripitensis |
14.6 |
1.06 |
iv |
Parrilla-Alvarez, 1998
De Sousa L., J. Venom. Anim. Toxins, 2000 |
|
Tityus costatus |
1.59 |
|
ip |
Nishikawa et al., Toxicon, 1994, 989 |
|
Tityus discrepans |
2.51 |
0.54 |
iv |
Borges et al., Toxicon, 2004, 671 |
|
|
2.50 |
|
iv |
Borges et al., Toxicon, 1990, 1011 |
|
|
8.8 |
|
sc |
Parrilla-Alvarez P. et al., W. C. O. A., P. M. Toxins, 1997 |
|
Tityus fasciolatus |
3.65 |
|
ip |
Wagner, Toxicon, 2003, 737 |
|
Tityus fuhrmanni |
3.9 |
0.56 |
ip |
Cardona, Medunab, 2002 |
|
Tityus ivicnancor |
8.9 |
|
sc |
Parrilla-Alvarez, 1997 |
|
Tityus pachyurus |
4.8 |
0.68 |
sc |
Barona et al., Biomedica, 2004, 42 |
|
Tityus paraensis |
12.14 |
|
ip |
Nishikawa et al., Toxicon, 1994, 989 |
|
Tityus stigmurus (confluentia morph) |
0.43 |
1.1 |
sc |
Simard and Watt, Scorp. Bio., 1984 |
|
|
0.43 |
|
sc |
Zlotkin, Toxicon, 1971, 1 |
|
|
1.45 |
|
sc |
G.G. Habermehl, Venomous animals and their toxins. Scorpiones (Scorpions), 1981 |
|
|
1.00 |
|
iv |
Hassan, Hand Book of Natural Toxins, 1984 |
|
Tityus stigmurus |
0.77 |
|
ip |
Nishikawa et al., Toxicon, 1994, 989 |
|
|
|
|
|
De Sousa L., J. Venom. Anim. Toxins, 2000 |
|
Tityus bahiensis |
1.06 |
0.9 |
ip |
Nishikawa et al., Toxicon, 1994, 989 |
|
|
9.35 |
|
sc |
G.G. Habermehl, Venomous animals and their toxins. Scorpiones (Scorpions), 1981 |
|
|
1.38 |
|
iv |
Hassan, Hand Book of Natural Toxins, 1984 |
|
Tityus trinitatis |
2 |
|
sc |
G.G. Habermehl, Venomous animals and their toxins. Scorpiones (Scorpions), 1981 |
|
Tityus zulianus |
1.61-1.68 (locality variation) |
1.66 |
iv |
Borges et al., Toxicon, 2004, 671 |
Methods of administration are:
sc = Subcutaneous – injection under the skin, the best model for if you are stung by a scorpion so the most useful LD50 value for the hobbyist
iv = Intravenous – injection directly into the blood stream, results in much quicker action of the venom on vital organs, gives an LD50 number that is unrepresentative of its natural administration although gives better idea of the true toxicity of the venom, these number are nearly always lower then the subcutaneous values.
ip = Intraperitoneal – Injection into the peritoneal cavity, gives a LD50 that is not representative of the natural situation, not often used although seems to have used for recent studies into Tityus spp. venom.
im = intramuscularly, injection into the muscle
Recherche par Chua Kian Wee's Singapore Scorpion Page
| Dernière mise à jour de cette rubrique le 09 septembre 2007
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